A rare case report of extensive mandibular osteoma corrected by unilateral mandibulectomy: Cytological, radiological, and pathological investigation.

Background: Osteoma is a benign bone tumor that rarely affects animals. The most common bones involved with this tumor included the mandible, maxillofacial bones, and nasal sinuses. Definitive diagnosis is based on pathology findings which allow for differentiation with other bone lesions. Case Description: The patient, a 5-year-old intact male Mongrel dog presented with a huge mandibular mass that involved both the right and left mandible, and led to dental occlusion. The radiography was performed and depicted the intense mass with a well-demarcated edge, a short transitional zone between normal and abnormal bone, and a smooth rounded radiopaque appearance. The investigation according to the fine needle aspiration showed the presence of oval to spindle shape cells with poorly malignancy criteria, fatty cells, reactive osteoblasts, and osteoclasts based on a population of spindle-shaped cells, and low numbers of degenerated neutrophils, bacteria, and few macrophages. Then, the radiographic assessments and cytology findings demonstrated the osteoma and were referred for surgical intervention. A unilateral mandibulectomy was performed, and the lesion was sent to the histopathology laboratory. The histopathology evaluation showed osteocyte proliferation without malignancy features. The osteoblast cells also showed no atypical proliferation that endorses the osteoma tumor. Conclusion: Although mandibular and maxillofacial bone resection in small animals have different tolerations, this patient became a candidate for surgery for future better nutrition and prevention of facial deformity and dental malocclusion. Follow-up after osteoma is one of the most necessary post-operation treatments to check the regeneration of the mass. There are considerable data in this report that should regard this tumor as a possible differential diagnosis for mandibular tumors.

Effect of Administration of Lidocaine at Body Temperature on Anesthesia Success in Rodent Model: A Behavioral and Electrophysiology Study.

Introduction: Success in anesthesia administration relieves the perception of pain during surgery. Lidocaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic agent in clinical medicine. Moreover, anesthetic agents' temperature changes can influence cell membrane permeability. Here, the effectiveness of different temperatures of Lidocaine (Lid.) on anesthesia success rate has been investigated in rats. Methods: Wistar male rats were pretreated by fast injection of lidocaine or saline into the hind paw or intradermal cheek at Room Temperature (RT) and Body Temperature (BT) (22°C and 37°C, respectively). Then, rat behaviors were evaluated by formalin-induced hind paw pain and orofacial pain tests, respectively. Moreover, using a single-unit recording technique, the spontaneous activity of the marginal nerve was recorded at room temperature in the RT-Lid. and BT-Lid. groups. Results: Data analysis revealed that lidocaine had significant antinociceptive effects in both the BT-Lid. and RT-Lid. groups compared to the control groups (P<0.05). Also, the number of spikes in the BT-Lid. and RT-Lid. groups were significantly lower than their baselines (P<0.05). However, lidocaine at body temperature decreased the total time spent licking the hind paw, the number of lip rubbings, and the number of spikes firing by about 10%-15% compared to room temperature. Conclusion: In both behavioral and neural levels of the study, our results showed that an increase in the temperature of lidocaine toward body temperature could increase anesthesia success rate compared to administration of lidocaine at room temperature. These findings can be considered in the treatment of patients. Highlights: Lidocaine at body temperature acted better than room temperature on pain control in the formalin-induced hind paw test.Lidocaine at body temperature acted better than room temperature on pain control in the orofacial formalin test.Lidocaine with different temperatures decreased the firing rate of the marginal nerve. Plain Language Summary: Pain is defined as an unpleasant experience caused by tissue damage or fear of injury. During anesthetic injection in dentistry, pain has long been one of the problems of dentists. Studies have shown that one out of every three people is worried about going to dentistry, and one of four dental patients is afraid of injections. The fear of a patient in one of twenty patients is so much that interferes with dental treatment which consequently leads to stress when you visit the dentist, results in less oral hygiene and reduces the number of referrals. Lidocaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic agent in clinical medicine. Here, the effectiveness of different temperatures of lidocaine on anesthesia success rate in rats has been investigated in rats. The present study showed that warming the lidocaine cartridges to 37°C increased anesthesia success compared to anesthesia-induced at room temperature in both behavioral and neural levels of the study. Accordingly, a warmed anesthetic cartridge could be used to control pain by increasing the success rate during dental injection and designed a new animal model study for further investigation in comparing other anesthesia drugs.

Gastrointestinal helminths of the Caspian turtle, Mauremys caspica (Testudines), from Northern Iran.

The Caspian turtle (Mauremys caspica) is a semi-aquatic and adaptable reptile. To date, there are no reports on the parasites of this turtle in Iran. Hence, the current survey was designed to prepare a list of the gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the Caspian turtle in North Iran. A total of 34 road-killed individuals (14 males and 20 females) were collected between July 2011 and October 2012 from the Mazandaran province, Iran. All parts of gastrointestinal were parasitologically scrutinized and collected specimens were fixed and preserved in 70 % ethanol. Half of the examined Caspian turtles (17) were infected with at least one parasitic helminth. The list of helminths includes three nematodes: Serpinema microcephalum (Camallanidae), Falcaustra armenica (Kathlaniidae), Oxyuridae sp., and one digenean: Telorchis sp. (Telorchiidae). This is the first report of the gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the Caspian turtle in Iran and all helminth species are reported for the first time in Iran.

Pathological study of lesion caused by Serpinema microcephalus (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in Mauremys caspica caspica from north of Iran.

Serpinema microcephalus is nematoda from family Camallanidae, which have a lot of pathogenesis species that harbored via many animals like fishes, reptiles and amphibians. Epidemiological study in different regions and histopathological examination of intestinal parasitic infections caused by S. microcephalus are prerequisite to develop appropriate control strategies. This study aimed to describe the lesions caused by S. microcephalus from Caspian turtles of north of Iran. Thirty-four adult turtles were collected from road accidents in Behshahr, northeastern city of Mazandaran province. The turtles were examined in the laboratory and parasite samples were collected from the small intestine. After clarification by lactophenol and staining, the parasites were identified as S. microcephalus (Nematoda: Camallanidae). For histopathological examination, tissue samples were fixed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic diagnoses in small intestine included hyperaemia, eosinophilic enteritis, mucosal glands hyperplasia, mucosal ulceration, intestinal exudation and fibroma in some cases. In pancreas tissue the lesions consisted of mild inflammation, fibrosis and edema. Considering the occurrence of intestinal parasitic infections (29.41 %) among Caspian turtles in this study, identification and control of the disease of the turtles are recommended.

Histopathologic study of eosinophilic bronchointerstitial pneumonia caused by Crenosoma striatum in the hedgehog.

Crenosoma striatum is a species of parasitic nematodes from the family Crenosomatidae responsible for pathologic lung lesions in the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Infection with C. striatum can cause weight loss, dry cough, and bronchitis. In the present study, hedgehogs killed by road accidents, or trapped and found dead on farms in different parts of Mazandaran province (Iran), were transferred to the laboratory. After dissection, parasite samples collected from the lung were placed into 70% alcohol. After clarification with lactophenol and subsequent staining, the nematodes were identified as C. striatum according to previously published guidelines. For histopathologic examination, lung samples were collected. The tissues were fixed and following routine processing, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic diagnoses included hyperemia, eosinophilic bronchointerstitial pneumonia, thickening of the interstitium, and eosinophilic microabscesses in bronchial airways. Eosinophilic pneumonia was characterized by eosinophil and other mononuclear leukocyte infiltration within the lung interstitium. Crenosoma striatum can lead to mortality in hedgehogs.

Helminth Parasites of Eastern European Hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) in Northern Iran.

BACKGROUND: Recently there is a high tendency among exotic pet owners for keeping hedgehogs. This mammal can transfer some significant zoonotic pathogens to human. Hence, the present study was conducted for the first time to prepare a list of helminth parasites of hedgehogs (Erinaceus concolor) in North of Iran. METHODS: Ten (four males and six females) road killed hedgehogs were collected during April to January 2011 in rural areas of Babol city, Mazandaran province, Iran. All of internal organs were scrutinized for helminth burden. The extracted specimens were fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol and then cleared in Lacto-phenol solution. Helminth identification was carried out according to available systematic keys. RESULTS: All the examined hedgehogs (100%) were infected with parasitic helminth as following: two hedgehogs (20%) were infected with Crenosoma striatum, four hedgehogs (40%) harbored Physaloptera clausa, one (10%) host had Hymenolepis erinacei and three (30%) of them were infected with Nephridiacanthus major. CONCLUSION: This is noteworthy that the current survey is the first report of helminth parasites fauna of Eastern European Hedgehog in Iran. Since, this is the first such investigation in our country, more researches are required to perform on unexplored areas of Iran in order to increase our knowledge regarding hedgehog parasitic diseases.